Okay, its vacation time so I thought I’d take time from vacation (and from reading news about the terror attacks in Oslo that happened a few miles from here) to do a little post.

This time is an unsafe kernel32 memory mapped bitmap image I’m constantly improving upon. I do a lot of DSP-related stuff and the best way to debug it is to make pretty pictures. Therefore much of the time I work with the FFT data in memory. To achieve speed I allocate memory using kernel23, and I use unsafe pointers to work on it. An added bonus is that it uses InteropBitmap so the picture can be directly used in WPF, great for MVVM.

Here is the current source – under constant development, but may be useful for some.

Notice ImageUIntPtr, ImageIntPtr and ImageBytePtr. In some cases I also use Double or Float pointers, but then its not useful for displaying the picture – only useful as fast memory.

The this-property shows an example of how to access the data.

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using PixelFormat = System.Windows.Media.PixelFormat;

namespace Tedd.AudioFingerprint.Engine
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This object holds a byte array of the picture as well as a BitmapSource for WPF objects to bind to. Simply call .Invalidate() to update GUI.
    /// </summary>
    public unsafe class Bitmap : IDisposable
    {
        // some ideas/code borowed from CL NUI sample CLNUIImage.cs
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr CreateFileMapping(IntPtr hFile, IntPtr lpFileMappingAttributes, uint flProtect, uint dwMaximumSizeHigh, uint dwMaximumSizeLow, string lpName);
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr MapViewOfFile(IntPtr hFileMappingObject, uint dwDesiredAccess, uint dwFileOffsetHigh, uint dwFileOffsetLow, uint dwNumberOfBytesToMap);
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool UnmapViewOfFile(IntPtr hMap);
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hHandle);

        //[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "RtlMoveMemory")]
        //private static extern void CopyMemory(IntPtr Destination, IntPtr Source, uint Length);

        private IntPtr _section = IntPtr.Zero;
        public IntPtr ImageData { get; private set; }
        public InteropBitmap BitmapSource { get; private set; }
        public int BytesPerPixel { get; private set; }
        public uint ByteLength { get; private set; }
        public int Height { get; private set; }
        public int Width { get; private set; }
        public PixelFormat PixelFormat { get; private set; }
        public readonly object LockObject = new object();

        public unsafe uint* ImageUIntPtr { get; private set; }
        public unsafe int* ImageIntPtr { get; private set; }
        public unsafe byte* ImageBytePtr { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes an empty Bitmap
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="width">Image width</param>
        /// <param name="height">Image height</param>
        /// <param name="pixelFormat">Image format</param>
        public Bitmap(int width, int height, PixelFormat pixelFormat)
        {
            PixelFormat = pixelFormat;
            BytesPerPixel = pixelFormat.BitsPerPixel / 8;
            uint imageSize = (uint)width * (uint)height * (uint)BytesPerPixel;
            ByteLength = imageSize;
            // create memory section and map
            _section = CreateFileMapping(new IntPtr(-1), IntPtr.Zero, 0x04, 0, imageSize, null);
            ImageData = MapViewOfFile(_section, 0xF001F, 0, 0, imageSize);
            BitmapSource = Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromMemorySection(_section, width, height, pixelFormat, width * BytesPerPixel, 0) as InteropBitmap;
            ImageIntPtr = (int*)ImageData;
            ImageUIntPtr = (uint*)ImageData;
            ImageBytePtr = (byte*)ImageData;

            Height = height;
            Width = width;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes an Bitmap from a System.Drawing.Bitmap
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="width">Image width</param>
        /// <param name="height">Image height</param>
        /// <param name="pixelFormat">Image format</param>
        public Bitmap(int width, int height, System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap, PixelFormat pixelFormat)
        {

            PixelFormat = pixelFormat;
            BytesPerPixel = pixelFormat.BitsPerPixel / 8;
            uint imageSize = (uint)width * (uint)height * (uint)BytesPerPixel;

            ByteLength = imageSize;
            // create memory section and map
            _section = CreateFileMapping(new IntPtr(-1), IntPtr.Zero, 0x04, 0, imageSize, null);
            ImageData = MapViewOfFile(_section, 0xF001F, 0, 0, imageSize);
            BitmapSource = Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromMemorySection(_section, width, height, pixelFormat, width * BytesPerPixel, 0) as InteropBitmap;
            ImageIntPtr = (int*)ImageData;
            ImageBytePtr = (byte*)ImageData;
            Height = height;
            Width = width;

            CloneFromBitmap(bitmap);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes an Bitmap from a System.Drawing.Bitmap
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="width">Image width</param>
        /// <param name="height">Image height</param>
        /// <param name="pixelFormat">Image format</param>
        public Bitmap(System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap, PixelFormat pixelFormat)
        {

            int width = bitmap.Width;
            int height = bitmap.Height;
            PixelFormat = pixelFormat;
            BytesPerPixel = pixelFormat.BitsPerPixel / 8;
            uint imageSize = (uint)width * (uint)height * (uint)BytesPerPixel;

            ByteLength = imageSize;
            // create memory section and map
            _section = CreateFileMapping(new IntPtr(-1), IntPtr.Zero, 0x04, 0, imageSize, null);
            ImageData = MapViewOfFile(_section, 0xF001F, 0, 0, imageSize);
            BitmapSource = Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromMemorySection(_section, width, height, pixelFormat, width * BytesPerPixel, 0) as InteropBitmap;
            ImageIntPtr = (int*)ImageData;
            ImageBytePtr = (byte*)ImageData;
            Height = height;
            Width = width;

            CloneFromBitmap(bitmap);
        }
        // Discarded - not fast enough so should not be used.
        //[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IndexerName("TheItem")]
        //public int this[int index]   // Indexer declaration
        //{
        //}
        //[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IndexerName("TheItem")]
        //public int this[int x, int y]   // Indexer declaration
        //{
        //    get
        //    {
        //        int p = (int) ((x*this.BitmapSource.Width*this.BytesPerPixel) + (y*this.BytesPerPixel));
        //        return ImageData[p];
        //    }
        //}


        /// <summary>
        /// Invalidates the bitmap causing a redraw
        /// </summary>
        public void Invalidate()
        {
            //lock (LockObject)
            //{
            BitmapSource.Invalidate();
            //}
        }
        ~Bitmap()
        {
            Dispose();
        }
        private bool _disposed;

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }



        protected void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                if (disposing)
                {
                    // free managed resources
                }
                // free native resources if there are any.
                if (ImageData != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    UnmapViewOfFile(ImageData);
                    ImageData = IntPtr.Zero;
                }
                if (_section != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    CloseHandle(_section);
                    _section = IntPtr.Zero;
                }
            }
        }



        public unsafe void CopyTo(Bitmap destinationBitmap, int top, int left, int height, int width)
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                // Find smallest array
                //int size = (int)Math.Min(ByteLength, destinationBitmap.ByteLength) / destinationBitmap.BytesPerPixel;
                // Copy memory
                //CopyMemory(ImageData, destinationBitmap.ImageData, size);
                //Marshal.Copy(src, destinationBitmap.ImageData, 0, size);

                // First copy int64 as far as we can (faster than copying single bytes)
                Int64* src64 = (Int64*)ImageData;
                Int64* dst64 = (Int64*)destinationBitmap.ImageData;
                byte* src8 = (byte*)ImageData;
                byte* dst8 = (byte*)destinationBitmap.ImageData;

                int maxWidth = Math.Min(Math.Min(Width - left, destinationBitmap.Width - left), width + top);
                int maxHeight = Math.Min(Math.Min(Height - top, destinationBitmap.Height - top), height + top);

                for (int x=top; x<maxHeight;x++)
                {
                    for (int y = left; y < maxWidth; y++)
                    {
                        int srcp = (x*Width) + y;
                        int dstp = (x * destinationBitmap.Width) + y;
                        dst8[dstp] = src8[srcp];
                    }
                }

            }
            
        }
        public unsafe void CopyTo(Bitmap destinationBitmap)
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                // Find smallest array
                //int size = (int)Math.Min(ByteLength, destinationBitmap.ByteLength) / destinationBitmap.BytesPerPixel;
                // Copy memory
                //CopyMemory(ImageData, destinationBitmap.ImageData, size);
                //Marshal.Copy(src, destinationBitmap.ImageData, 0, size);

                // First copy int64 as far as we can (faster than copying single bytes)
                int copied = 0;
                Int64* src64 = (Int64*)ImageData;
                Int64* dst64 = (Int64*)destinationBitmap.ImageData;

                int srcHeight = Height * Width;
                int dstHeight = destinationBitmap.Height * destinationBitmap.Width;
                int maxLen = Math.Min(srcHeight, dstHeight);

                int copyLength = maxLen - 8;
                int i = 0;
                while (copied < copyLength)
                {
                    dst64[i] = src64[i];
                    i++;
                    copied += 8;
                }

                // Then copy single bytes until end of data
                byte* src8 = (byte*)ImageData;
                byte* dst8 = (byte*)destinationBitmap.ImageData;

                i *= 8;
                while (copied < ByteLength)
                {
                    dst8[i] = src8[i];
                    i++;
                    copied++;
                }

            }
        }

        public unsafe void CloneFromBitmap(System.Drawing.Bitmap sourceBitmap)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException("Untested!");
            lock (LockObject)
            {

                // First copy int64 as far as we can (faster than copying single bytes)
                int copied = 0;
                BitmapData bData = sourceBitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(new Point(), sourceBitmap.Size), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, sourceBitmap.PixelFormat);
                Int64* src64 = (Int64*)bData.Scan0.ToPointer();
                Int64* dst64 = (Int64*)ImageData;

                int srcHeight = sourceBitmap.Height * sourceBitmap.Width;
                int dstHeight = Height * Width;
                int maxLen = Math.Min(srcHeight, dstHeight);

                int copyLength = maxLen - 8;
                int i = 0;
                while (copied < copyLength)
                {
                    dst64[i] = src64[i];
                    i++;
                    copied += 8;
                }

                // Then copy single bytes until end of data
                byte* src8 = (byte*)bData.Scan0.ToPointer();
                byte* dst8 = (byte*)ImageData;

                i *= 8;
                while (copied < ByteLength)
                {
                    dst8[i] = src8[i];
                    i++;
                    copied++;
                }

            }
        }



        public Bitmap Clone()
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                // Create new bitmap
                Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height, PixelFormat);
                // Copy data into new bitmap
                CopyTo(bitmap);

                return bitmap;
            }
        }

        public static Bitmap CreateFromFile(string file)
        {
            using (Image image = Image.FromFile(file))
            {
                using (System.Drawing.Bitmap bmp = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(image))
                {

                    System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat format = bmp.PixelFormat;
                    Bitmap ret = new Bitmap(image.Width, image.Height, PixelFormats.Bgr32);

                    BitmapData data = bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, image.Width, image.Height),
                                                   ImageLockMode.ReadOnly,
                                                   format);
                    int stride = data.Stride;
                    int offset = stride - image.Width * ret.BytesPerPixel;
                    unsafe
                    {
                        byte* src = (byte*)data.Scan0.ToPointer();
                        byte* dst = (byte*)ret.ImageData;

                        int mp = image.Height * image.Width * ret.BytesPerPixel;
                        for (int p = 0; p < mp; p++)
                        {
                            dst[p] = src[p];
                        }
                    }
                    return ret;

                }
            }
        }

        public static Bitmap CreateFromStream(Stream file)
        {
            using (Image image = Image.FromStream(file))
            {
                using (System.Drawing.Bitmap bmp = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(image))
                {

                    System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat format = bmp.PixelFormat;
                    Bitmap ret = new Bitmap(image.Width, image.Height, PixelFormats.Bgr32);
                    BitmapData data = bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, image.Width, image.Height),
                                                   ImageLockMode.ReadOnly,
                                                   format);
                    int stride = data.Stride;
                    int offset = stride - image.Width * ret.BytesPerPixel;
                    unsafe
                    {
                        byte* src = (byte*)data.Scan0.ToPointer();
                        byte* dst = (byte*)ret.ImageData;

                        int mp = image.Height * image.Width * ret.BytesPerPixel;
                        for (int p = 0; p < mp; p++)
                        {
                            dst[p] = src[p];
                        }
                    }
                    return ret;
                }
            }
        }

        private static byte[] imageToByteArray(System.Drawing.Image imageIn)
        {
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                imageIn.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif);
                return ms.ToArray();
            }
        }

        public void SavePNG(string filename)
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                using (var fileStream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create))
                {
                    SavePNG(fileStream);
                }
            }
        }

        public void SavePNG(Stream stream)
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                BitmapEncoder encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder();
                encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(BitmapSource));
                encoder.Save(stream);
            }
        }

        public System.Drawing.Bitmap CloneToBitmap()
        {
            lock (LockObject)
            {
                return System.Drawing.Image.FromHbitmap(ImageData);
            }
        }

        public void Blur(int xBlur, int yBlur)
        {
            Bitmap srcImage = Clone();
            int* srcIntPtr = srcImage.ImageIntPtr;
            int* dstIntPtr = ImageIntPtr;

            int xfrom = (xBlur / 2) * -1;
            int xto = xfrom + xBlur;
            int yfrom = (yBlur / 2) * -1;
            int yto = yfrom + yBlur;

            for (int x = 0; x < Height; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < Width; y++)
                {
                    // Look around
                    long avg = 0;
                    int count = 0;
                    for (int xa = xfrom; xa < xto; xa++)
                    {
                        for (int ya = yfrom; ya < yto; ya++)
                        {
                            if (x + xa >= 0 && x + xa < Height
                                && y + ya >= 0 && y + ya < Width)
                            {
                                int p = ((x + xa) * Width) + (y + ya);
                                avg += srcIntPtr[p];
                                count++;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    int pd = (x  * Width) + y ;
                    dstIntPtr[pd] = (int)(avg / count);
                }
            }

            srcImage.Dispose();
        }

        public void SwapColor32(int oldColor, int newColor)
        {
            
            for (int x = 0; x < Height; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < Width; y++)
                {
                    int p = (x * Width) + y;
                    if (ImageIntPtr[p] == oldColor)
                        ImageIntPtr[p] = newColor;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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